I Sotterranei gotici della Certosa di San Martino si sono aperti finalmente al pubblico dal 24 gennaio 2015. L’apertura doveva avvenire già lo scorso 11 novembre ma poi è stata rinviata.
Il luogo è magico. Vi si accede dopo un percorso tra l’interno del complesso ed i suoi giardini. E’ il ventre della Certosa, il ventre più antico che custodisce esempi di architettura trecentesca e di opere di diverse epoche. E’ un tripudio di opere d’arte, alcune già svelate al pubblico, altre da svelare come le sculture conservate nei sotterranei, tra le quali la Madonna con il Bambino di Tino da Camaino, proveniente da San Domenico Maggiore, ma simbolo dell’arte di quello stesso architetto che progettò un sito senza tempo, la Certosa di San Martino, di cui i sotterranei, notevole opera d’ingegneria costituiscono il basamento di un edificio che si innalza lungo le pendici scoscese della collina. Per renderlo fruibile sono stati realizzati lavori di messa in sicurezza e ripulitura delle opere e quindi si è proceduto all’allestimento di un nuovo percorso museale grazie all’impegno della direttrice Rosanna Muzzi e della Soprintendenza al Polo museale di Napoli.
Dalla ricerca iconografica e da rilievi ed osservazioni effettuate sulle strutture dei sotterranei, risulta verosimile l’ipotesi che il progetto originario di Tino di Camaino della Certosa, abbia inglobato preesistenti strutture di tipo difensivo dell’antico castello di Belforte. I secoli poi hanno dato all’intero complesso una serie di interventi che lo offrono oggi alla visione del pubblico in parti ed epoche diverse. Diversi artisti vi lavorarono dopo di Camaino fu la volta di Attanasio Primario. Dell’impianto originario restano i grandiosi sotterranei gotici. Nel 1581, si avvia un grandioso progetto di ampliamento della Certosa, affidato all’architetto Giovanni Antonio Dosio, destinato a trasformarne il severo aspetto gotico nell’attuale preziosa e raffinata veste barocca. Il 6 settembre 1623 inizia la collaborazione con il cantiere di San Martino dell’architetto Cosimo Fanzago, che, tra alterne vicende, durerà fino al 1656. E come scrivono gli esperti: “Cosimo trasforma le tradizionali decorazioni geometriche in apparati composti da fogliami, frutti, volute stilizzate, cui gli effetti cromatici e volumetrici, conferiscono un carattere di realismo e sensualità eccezionali. San Martino diviene così, negli anni ’20 e ’30 del Seicento, un luogo di eccellenza della sperimentazione dell’ornato dell’epoca”.
Dopo Fanzago ancora altri interventi di Nicola Tagliacozzi Canale nel chiostrino adiacente al Refettorio e quindi di Andrea Canale Tagliacozzi che progetta, ad esempio, la decorazione in stile orientaleggiante di alcuni ambienti del Quarto, affrescati dal pittore Crescenzio Gamba. Il complesso subisce danni durante la rivoluzione del 1799 ed è occupato dai francesi. Vi è poi tutta la vicenda della soppressione degli ordini religiosi, dell’andata via dei monaci e della apertura a museo del sito.
Articolo di Fabiana Imperatore
Fonte napolipost.com
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