“Marianna” è il nome di una statua, simbolo della città di Napoli, che purtroppo ora non c’è più. Scopriamone la storia.
Marianna: la testa di Napoli
Marianna era il nome di una misteriosa testa di donna poggiata su un basamento di piperno nell’atrio di Palazzo San Giacomo, tra le due rampe che portavano al piano superiore.
Palazzo San Giacomo oggi è la sede del municipio, ma un tempo, nell’ormai lontano 1816, era l’edificio delle segreterie di stato volute da Ferdinando IV di Borbone.
È Camillo Albanese a svelarci cosa rappresentasse quella “testa” posta all’ingresso:
La grande testa di marmo, che il popolo ha soprannominato “donna Marianna ‘a Capa ‘e Napole“, si vuole che fosse la statua della sirena Partenope, la mitica fondatrice di Neapolis, che si trovava sulla collina denominata appunto “Caponapoli” dove c’era il sepolcro della Sirena; altri dicono che si trattasse dei resti della statua di Cibele (Rea), madre di Zeus.
Una statua greca perduta
Le fattezze di “Marianna” hanno indotto gli esperti a definirla come una statua greca, originariamente eretta dov’è ora la chiesa di San Lorenzo Maggiore. Il Summonte racconta che un certo Alessandro di Miele trovò la statua abbandonata e così decise di collocarla nelle vicinanze della chiesa del Carmine, in piazza Mercato, di fronte alla chiesa di Sant’ELigio, in modo che dalla sua casa potesse vederla.
La sfortunata testimone
Da quel punto di osservazione, donna Marianna è stata testimone dei più importanti avvenimenti storici susseguitesi a Napoli. Oltre ad esserne testimone, ne è stata “partecipe” perché ogni evento rivoluzionario ha lasciato su di essa le tracce della violenza e del vandalismo:
Di solito la povera Marianna perdeva il naso che, sedati i tumulti, veniva puntualmente rifatto, spesso da mani inesperte che davano a quel volto un aspetto ridicolo. In più gli improvvisati restauratori verniciavano la statua con soluzioni biancastre che cancellavano la patina del tempo, l’unica bellezza che essa potesse vantare.
La rimozione di Marianna
Dopo la seconda guerra mondiale, Napoli divenne un luogo di desolazione e macerie. Dice Albanese che dopo dieci anni dalla fine della guerra ancora macerie, ancora polvere avvolgevano l’arco di Sant’Eligio e la facciata gotica di San Giovanni a Mare e tre suoi amici, Giovanni Artieri, Amedeo Maiuri e Augusto Cesareo, gli avevano descritto la spiacevole scoperta della rimozione della statua:
Poco distante, nel luogo in cui prima era collocata Marianna ‘a Capa ‘e Napole, restava solo il piedistallo, al quale era appoggiata una donna dalla bellezza selvaggia, due occhi neri fiammeggianti, una bocca dalla sensualità insaziabile, un corpo stupendo che ondeggiò lievemente alla vista dei tre uomini. Poi sbottò: «A chi cercate, a donna Marianna ? Nun ce sta cchiù; s’a so’ purtata stammatina. Mo ce sto io».
A prendere infatti il posto di Marianna c’era un’altra statua, una nuova scultura trasferita quel giorno nell’atrio del municipio.
Raffaela De Vivo
Marianna era il nome di una misteriosa testa di donna poggiata
Sorgente: Marianna: ‘a Capa ‘e Napole – laCOOLtura
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